| “By 2011, there had been modest reductions in some dimensions of social exclusion: income, employment, and neighbourhood quality. There had been a complete closing of the gap between tenures on basic housing quality.” “On the other hand there were some signs of increased concentrations of disability…” “Over the period 2000-2011, there was a modest reduction in the proportion of social tenants and their families living on poverty incomes, social exclusion on this dimension reduced slightly.” “…there were slight improvements in participation in the labour market, at least until the start of the recession in 2008. However, there were also signs of growing exclusion in terms of the quality of jobs held.” “The gap in GCSE results and attendance between schools linked to the 20 unpopular estates and the local and national average reduced 1994-2004 (Tunstall and Coulter, 2006). Otherwise, there is little published evidence on trends in educational exclusion by housing tenure.” “Overall, this suggests significant social exclusion of deprived areas and their residents, with some reductions over the period 2000-2010. However change was faster in deprived areas that did not have concentrations of social housing, and recession 2008-2009 may have eroded gains.” “Overall, many commentators on inequality, social exclusion and regeneration have concluded that while there was progress over the New Labour period, which demonstrated what concerted policy effort can achieve when combined with a positive economic climate, the overall results were modest.” “However, over the period 2011-2015, almost every neighbourhood nationwide will be affected by ‘negative NDCs’, real term public sector spending cuts of considerably more than 10%. While pondering subtle adaptations to estate regeneration policy, we should now expect to see transformations of NDC scale, but in a negative direction, affecting every neighbourhood and housing estate nationwide.” | 